(Siddi Lebbe, the Pioneer of Muslim Renaissance)
(jpdfud; – 1966Mk; Mz;L ngg;uthp khjk; 13Mk; jpfjp Qhapw;Wf;fpoik)
~~kw;iwg; gw;gy rhjpahUk; fy;tpapYk; rPh;jpUj;jj;jpYk; Nkw;gl;L tUjiyAk; ,th;fs; ehNlhWk; fPo;g;gl;L tUjiyAk; ghh;j;J vth;fSk; kdtUj;jk; nfhs;sj;jf;fjhapUf;fpwJ. Mifahy;> ,t;tpyq;ifapYs;s K];ypk;fnsy;yhUk; xU kdg;gl;Lf; fy;tpg; gapw;rpf;Fhpa fUkq;fspNy Kaw;rpg;gLtJ flikahapUf;fpd;wJ.||
J}ujpU\;bf; Fuy;
,f; $w;W ,d;iwa epiyiaf; $lg; glnkd vLj;Jf;fhl;LtjhftpUg;gpDk; ,J fle;j E}w;whz;by; vOg;gg;ngw;w JujpU\;bf; FuyhFk;. 1882Mk; Mz;bNyNa czh;TlDk; ,j;jifa MNtrj;JlDk; xUth; vOjpdhnudpd; mtuJ murpay;jPl;rzpaj;ijAk; Kd;Ndw;w Mh;tj;ijAk; rKjhag; gw;iwAk; kjpg;gpLjy; fbdNk. ,t;thW fhyj;ijntd;w fUj;Jk; K];ypk;fis topelj;Jk; Nghf;Fk; fy;tpiag; gug;Gk; Nehf;Fk; nfhz;L mwpQh; rpj;jp nyt;it vdg;Nghw;wg;gLk; rpj;jp nyt;it kiuf;fhh; Kfk;kJ fhrpk; kiuf;fhh; Mthh;.
gj;njhd;gjhk; E}w;whz;bd; ,Wjpf; $W ,yq;if tuyhw;wpy; kpf Kf;fpakhd xU fhyg; gphpthFk;. ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;bd; murpay; tpopg;gpw;F tpj;jpl;l fhyk; mJ. tutpUf;Fk; murpay; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;Fiog;gjw;nfd ,yq;ifapy; xt;nthU rKjhaKk; jd;idj;jhNd jahh;gLj;jpf; nfhs;Sk; tifapy; Ra jpUj;jj;jpy; <Lgl;bUe;j fhyk; mJ. me;epa ehl;bdhpd; Mjpf;fk; jkJ jdpj;Jtj;ijj; jfh;j;njwpa Kidtijf; fz;l xt;nthU rKjhaj;jpdUk; jkJ gz;ghl;Lzh;itg; GJf;Ftpj;Jj; jhk; jk;newp jtwhJ epw;f Kide;j fhyk; mJ. MWKfehtyh;> mefhhpf jh;kghy Nghd;Nwhh; Njhd;wp ,yq;ifapy; kWkyh;r;rp tsh;j;j fhyk; mJ.
ngsj;jUk; ,e;Jf;fSk; Kd;Ndwpa me;jf; fhyj;jpy; ,yq;ifapd; ngUq;Fb kf;fspy; xU gphptpduhfpa K];ypk;fs; thshtpUf;fpd;wdNu tUe;jp> tutpUf;Fk; Mgj;ijAzh;j;jp> thOk; topfhl;b epd;wth; rpj;jp nyt;it. K];ypk;fspd; Kd;Ndw;wk; fy;tpnad;Dk; ghijtopNa nry;y Ntz;Lnkdf; fUjpa mth; mjw;F Ntz;ba Xh; MAjj;ijAk; iff;nfhz;lhh;. me;j mwpthAjk; jhd; ~~K];ypk; Nerd;.||
,yl;rpaj;ijAk; ,yl;rpa khh;f;fj;ijAk; xd;Ws; jhk; xd;iw kaq;fitj;J> mjdhy; jhKk; kaq;fp ,yl;rpaj;jpw;Nf ,Of;FtUk; Kiwapy; gyh; elg;gh;. mwpT topr; nry;yhj Mh;tkpUg;gpd; ,g;gpio Vw;gLk;. Mdhy; mwpT rhd;w Mh;tk; gbg;gbahfNt fUkq;fis Mw;wpr; nry;Yk;. K];ypk;fspd; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;fhd fy;tp> murpay; Mfpa Jiwfspy; mth;fis Cf;Ftpg;gjw;F Kjd; Kjypy; mth;fspilNa mit gw;wpa czh;itAk; mtw;wpd; mj;jpahtrpak; gw;wpa tpopg;igAk; Vw;gLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. rk;ge;jg;gl;l kf;fs; mj;Njitfis czuhjtiuapy; ve;j ,af;fKk; ntw;wpaila KbahJ. vdNt> mjw;fhf Kjypy; tpopg;Gzh;Tf;fhd nraypy; ,wq;fpdhh;. mk; Kaw;rpapd; gyd; jhd; ~~K];ypk; Nerd;.||
,j;jifa jPz;lrzpa Nehf;Fila Nritia Mw;Wtjw;fhd rpwg;Gf;fSk; jifikfSKilatuha; tpsq;fpdhh; rpj;jp nyt;it. 1838Mk; Mz;L a+d; khjk; 11Mk; Njjpad;W fz;b efhpNy gpwe;j rpj;jp nyt;it> jfg;gd; topia Nkw;nfhz;L gpwf;fwhrp Ntiy vd Ngr;R tof;fpy; Fwpf;fg;gLk; tof;fwpQh;j; njhopiy Nkw;nfhz;lhh;. rpy tUl fhykhff; fz;b efurig mq;fj;jtuhAkpUe;jhh;. mwpthh;thh;tj;jhy; rh;tNjr cs;Sh; tptfhuq;fisAk; njhopy;Jiw mDgtj;jhy; K];ypk; kf;fspd; tho;T epiyiaAk; ed;fwpe;j rpj;jp nyt;it mth;fs;> ,yq;if K];ypk;fspd; tho;T> Kd;Ndw;wr; rhj;jpaf; $Wfsw;w Njf;fr; rfjpapw; GijAz;L fple;jij czh;e;jhh;. ,q;fpyp]; Ml;rp Kiwf;Fs;sike;J fple;j ,j;njhopYk; mjd; #oYk; jk;ik Nkdhl;L ehfhpf Nkhfj;jpy; Mo;j;jptplf;$lhJ vd;W fUjp> ,];yhj;ijAk; ,];yhkpa khz;igAk; kuigAk; vd;nwd;Wk; gf;fypy; epd;Wzh;j;jpf; nfhz;NlapUe;j jkJ jikadhuhk; Kfk;kJ nyt;it Mypk; mth;fspd; Cf;fj;jpdhy;> K];ypk; Kd;Ndw;wg; gzpia kjr; Nritahfr; rpj;jp nyt;it jk; kdj;Nj nfhz;lhh;. cyf QhdKk; rka czh;Tk; rKjha Nehf;Fk; ed;F epuk;gg; ngw;w rpj;jp nyt;it ehw;gj;J ehd;fhtJ tajpy;> kuG jtwh Kjph;r;rp Qhdj;Jld;> K];ypk; Nritiaj; njhlq;fpdhh;. mr;Nritapd; Kjy;Kis jhd; K];ypk; Nerd;.
Kjy;Kis K];ypk; Nerd;
1882Mk; Mz;L brk;gh; khjk; 12Mk; Njjpad;W ~~K];ypk; Nerd;|| Kjypjo; ntspahapw;W. K];ypk; kWkyh;r;rpapd; tuyhw;iwf; fhyKiwg;gb fzf;fpLNthh; ,e;ehisNa mk;kWkyh;r;rpapd; [dd jpdkhff; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,k; Kaw;rp K];ypk; Kd;Ndw;wj;Jld; khj;jpuk; epd;Wtpltpy;iy. jiyrpwe;j ,yf;fpar; NritahfTkike;jJ. gj;jphpifapd; ciu eilr; rpwg;Gk; mg;gj;jphpifapy; ,lk;ngw;w ,yf;fzk; gw;wpa tpthjq;fSk; rpj;jp nyt;itath;fspd; ,yf;fpag; Gyikf;Fr; rhd;W gfUgitahf tpsq;Ffpd;wd. ~~gpw ehl;L ey;ywpQh; rhj;jpuq;fs; ek; nkhopapw; ngah;j;jy; Ntz;Lk;. kiwthf ekf;Fs;Ns goq;fijfs; nrhy;tjpNyhh; kfpikapy;iy|| vdTk; czh;e;j rpj;jp nyt;it KjyhtJ ~~,jopNyNa|| fy;tpnad;gJ ghi\fis thrpj;jwpjy; khj;jpuky;y> kd tphpTf;Fk; njspTf;Fk; gytpj mwpT E}y;fisAk; ed;whawptjhk;. Mdhy; Nkw;nrhy;ypa gpuNahrdKs;s E}y;fs;> jkpo;g;ghi\apdhNy kpfTk; RUf;fkhdgbapay; jkpo;g; ghi\ia khj;jpue; njhpe;jth;fs; mitfisawpe;J nfhs;tjw;F topapy;yhjpUf;fpd;wJ. Mifahy; mwG fpjhGfspypUe;J mwpa Ntz;ba ,q;fpyp\; Kjypa ghi\fspYs;s fy;tpfisAk; tpNr\khd Gjpdq;fisAk; gbj;jth;fSk; gbahjth;fSk; Kjpath;fSk; ,isath;fSk; kw;iwath;fSk; jq;fs; jq;fs; Ntiy Kaw;rpfNshL thrpj;jwpe;J nfhs;Sk;gb> cykhf;fs; fy;tpkhd;fs; Mfpa ,th;fSila cjtpiaf;nfhz;L> Xh; gj;jphpifiaf; fpoik NjhWk; gpuRuQ; nra;a tpUk;gp ,g;gj;jphpiff;F ~~K];ypk; Nerd;|| vd;W ngahpl;Nlhk;|| vd;W $Wfpwhh;.
Kjypy; MAjj;ijj; jahh; nra;j rpj;jp nyt;it MAjj;jpd; mofpy; Nghiu kwe;jpUe;jhuy;yh;. gj;jphpifiar; rduQ;rfg;gLj;jp kf;fspilNa guttpl;Lj; jd; Kf;fpa Fwpf;Nfhs; gw;wpa rPh;jpUj;j Ntiyapypwq;fpa rpj;jp nyt;it jhk; Nkw;nfhz;l gzpapd; mj;jpahtrpaj;ij K];ypk; kf;fspilNa gug;gTk;> gug;gp mth;fis mj;Jiwapy; rpe;jpj;Jr; nrayhw;Wk;gb Cf;fTk; Ntz;ba cWJiznahd;iwj; Njl Ntz;bapUe;jJ. ,];yhkpa cyfg; GfOld; ,yq;ifia te;jile;j mwgp gh\hitj; jd; fhhpa rpj;jpf;fhd Cf;f rf;jpahff; nfhz;l m`kj;-my;mwhgp my;kp];wp vd;w ngaUs;s mwgp gh\h> kp];wpy; gilg; Gul;rpnahd;Wf;Ff; fhyhftpUe;jhh; vd;w fhuzj;jhy;> kp];wpypUe;J ,yq;iff;F ehL flj;jg;gl;lhh;. te;jth; murTgrhuq;fSld; tuNtw;fg;gl;lhh;. mfpy ,];yhkpa cyfpd; $l;bizthh;tj;jpdhy; ce;jg;ngw;w ,yq;if K];ypk;fs;> mwgp gh\hit md;Gld; tuNtw;wdh;. fy;tpj; Jiwapy; gy rPh;jpUj;jq;fis Vw;gLj;jpa kp];wpd; Njrpa vOr;rpapd; rpd;dkhf tpsq;fpa mwgp gh\htpd; tuT> rpj;jp nyt;itf;Fg; nghpJk; cjtpaJ.
mth; te;jpwq;fpa rpy ehl;fSf;Fs; mtiur; re;jpj;j rpj;jp nyt;it mth;fs;> cgrhuj;jpd; gpd;> gpd;tUk; Ntz;LNfhis tpLj;jhh;. ~~,j;Njrj;jpYs;s K];ypk;fs; fy;tp mwptpy; mjpf mrl;ilahapUf;fpwhh;fs;. kw;WQ; rhjpah;fnsy;NyhUk; ehSf;F ehs; fy;tpapYQ; rPh;jpUj;jj;jpYk; NjwptUfpwhh;fs;. ,jw;fhf ehk; cykhf;fs;> fy;tpkhd;fSila cjtpAlNd xU gj;jphpifiag; gpuRuQ; nra;fpNwhk;. Mdhy; gj;jphpifapNy ehk; fy;tpapd; Nkd;ikfis vt;tsT nrhd;dhYk; mijf; Fwpj;J vt;tst+d;wpdhYk; mitfs; gyd; nfhLg;gJ Rzf;fkhapUf;Fk;. Mjyhy; jq;fisf; fz;L re;jpf;f mNef gpuGf;fs; tUthh;fs;. mth;fsplj;jpw;whq;fs; fy;tp Nkd;ikAilanjd;gijAk; mf; fy;tpia ahtUk; tpUk;gNtz;Lnkd;gijAk; vLj;Jr; nrhd;dhy; vtUk; mij Vw;Wf; nfhs;thh;fs;. jq;fSf;F mjdhy; vf;fhyKk; GfOk; ahtUila MjuTk; fpilf;Fk;.||
Ntz;Lgthpd; Mh;tj;ijAk; Cf;fj;ijAk; Ntz;LNfhspd; mj;jpahtrpaj;ijAk; czh;e;j mwgp gh\h> rpj;jp nyt;itapd; Ntz;LNfhis Nkw;nfhz;L> jd;dplj;Njte;jthplj;Jk; jhd; nrd;wtplj;Jk; GJKiwf; fy;tpapd; mtrpaj;ijak; rpj;jp nyt;itf;fspf;fg;gl Ntz;ba Cf;fj;jpd; mj;jpahtrpaj;ijAk; tw;GWj;jpdhh;.
mwgp gh\htpd; Cf;fKk; thg;gpr;rp kiuf;fhah; Nghd;w nghpNahh;fs; mspj;j md;Gk; MjuTk; rpj;jp nyt;itiaf; nfhOk;gpNyNa jq;fr; nra;jd.
mwgp gh\hitr; re;jpj;j ehd;fhtJ khjj;Js;NsNa nfhOk;gpNy jq;fj; jPh;khdpj;jik mtUf;Ff; fpilj;j Cf;fj;jpid ed;F vLj;jf; fhl;LfpwJ.
1884Mk; Mz;L rpj;jp nyt;itapd; tho;tpy; ntw;wpfs; gytw;iw mspj;j tUlkhFk;. ,t;thz;by; nfhOk;G K];ypk;fs; rpj;jp nyt;itf;Fg; ngUtuNtw;nghd;wspj;jdh;. mt;tpohtpy; mth; $wpait mtuJ ,yl;rpa ];jpuj;ijak; NritAzh;itAk; r%f xw;Wikj; jhfj;ijAk; vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wd. ~~,e;j rkhdpy; ,];yhj;Jila Njrq;fspnyy;yhtw;wpYk; fy;tpapw; Njh;r;rpailaNtz;Lnkd;w cw;rhfKz;lhfpapUf;fpwJ. cq;fs; kdjpYkg;gbNa Az;lhfpapUf;fpd;wJ. vd; ehl;lKe; Njl;lKk;gbNaapUe;jhy; my;yhFj;jhyh vd;id ,q;F tuTk; ePq;fs; vd;Nghpy; gl;rk; itf;fTk; nra;jpUf;fpwhndd;W epidf;fpNwd;. mJNtnad;fy;igf; nfhSnfhz;L vd;id ,q;fpOj;Jtpl;lJ. vd; rpNefpjh;fNs! fy;tp tp\aj;jpy; ehq;fnsy;NyhUk; mrl;ilahapUe;Jtpl;Nlhk;. mth;fnsd;idf; fPo;g;gLj;jpf;nfhs;stplq; nfhLj;Jtpl;Nlhk;. kW rhjpfnsq;fisf; fy;tpapy;yhj %lh;fnsd;W nrhy;Ytjw;fplk; itj;J tpl;Nlhk;. ,dpNky; ehq;fnsy;NyhUk; xNu kdjha;j;njz;bg;Nghkhf.
~~<oj;J K];ypk; rKjhaj;jpd; Kd;Ndw;w kz;lgj;jpd; Kjw; fy;yhf ,lg;gl;lJ jhd; rpy khjq;fSs; rpj;jp nyt;it mth;fspd; jdp Kaw;rpahy; epWtg;gl;l my; kj;u]j;Jy;ifhpah vDk; mg;ghlrhiy. nfhOk;G Nrhdfj;njUtpy; epWtg;gl;l ,g; ghlrhiyapd; jpwg;GtpohTf;Ff; nfhOk;G tho; K];ypk; gpuKfh;fs; vy;NyhUk; te;jpUe;jdh;. jk;Ks;Ns gpsTgl;L> thjpl;L tof;Fkhb epd;w FOf;fs; ghlrhiyj; jpwg;G tpohtpy; ,ize;jd. ghlrhiyia elj;Jtjw;F Ntz;ba gzj;ijf; nfhLj;JjTjw;F xj;jf;nfhz;ldh;. kp];wpypUe;J ,yq;iff;F xU gf;fPuha; nfhz;L tplg;gl;l mwgp gh\hNt E}W &gha; nfhLj;jhh;. Mdhy; rFdq;fs; ed;whftike;jJ Nghd;W rhpj;jpuk; ed;whf mikatpy;iy. ghlrhiyj; jpwg;G tpohtd;W ,ize;j FOf;fs; kPz;Lk; gphpe;jd. FLk;gr; rz;ilfs; FOr; rz;ilfshf tsh;e;J rKjhaj;ij kPz;Lk; gpsTgLj;jpd. ,izg;G Ntz;b epd;w rpj;jp nyt;it ,ilapyfg;gl;Lj; jtpj;jhh;. rpj;jp nyt;itAk; Fw;wQ; rhl;lg;gl;lhh;. Mq;fpyf; fy;tpAk; GJ Kiwf; fy;tpAk; kuGf;F khwhditnad;W $wg;gl;lJ. Gjpadtw;iw ntWf;Fk; gioikthjpfs; rpj;jp nyt;itia vjph;j;jdh;. Muk;g #uj;jdkhf epd;w Mh;tk; Fd;wj; njhlq;fpw;W. cjtp epjp Fiwaj; njhlq;fpw;W. K];ypk; NritNa tho;Tg; gzpahff;nfhz;l rpj;jp nyt;it kdk; nehe;jhh;. 1887Mk; Mz;L kPz;Lk; fz;bf;Fj; jpUk;gpdhh;.
goik vDk; taypNy GJikiaj; jutpUf;Fk; kWkyh;r;rp tpijfs; J}tg;gLk;nghOJ rpy Kisf;Fk;@ rpy kz;NzhL kz;zhf khz;LtpLk;. Kisf;Fk; rpytw;wpYk; Mq;fhyk; tUk;tiu fhj;jpUg;gdTk; cs. nfhOk;igtpl;Lg; gphpe;jhYk; nfhz;l Fwpf;Nfhis mth; iftpltpy;iy. fz;bapNyh mtUf;F kdk; epiwe;j MjuT fpilj;jJ. Kjy; K];ypk; ngz; ghlrhiy fz;bapy; epWtg;gl;lJ. mjd;gpd; fk;gis> nghy;fhtiy Kjypa Ch;fspYk; K];ypk; ghlrhiyfs; epWtg;gl;ld.
tpj;jpahjpgjp ghuhl;L
ghlrhiy epWtpg;gbf;f top nra;jth; gbg;gjw;F Ntz;ba ghl E}y;fisAk; vOjp cjtpdhh;. mth; vOjpa thrpid E}y;fspd; rpwe;j juj;ijAk; ,iaigAq; Fwpj;J> 1891Mk; tUl eph;thf mwpf;ifapy; tpj;jpahjpgjp ghuhl;bAs;shh;. rpj;jp nyt;it mth;fs; 1884Mk; Mz;bw; nfhOk;igtpl;Lr; nrd;wdNuDk; mq;F vjph;fhyj;jpy; ngUtpUl;rkhf tsh;e;J fy;tp epoy; gug;gtpUe;j kuj;Jf;fhd tpijiaj; J}tpNa nrd;whh;. Mq;fhyk; 1891y; te;jJ. nfhOk;igtpl;Lr; nrd;w rpj;jp nyt;it kPzLk; nfhOk;gpw;F miof;fg;gl;lhh;. kUjhidg; gs;spthrypy; ele;j [{k;Mtpw;Fg;gpd; nrhw;nghopT epfo;j;jpa rpj;jpnyt;it nfhOk;G K];ypk; gps;isfs; ,q;fpyP]{k; gbg;gjw;fhd ghlrhiy xd;W epWtg;glNtz;bajd; mj;jpahtrpaj;ij tw;GWj;jpdhh;fs;.
1888Mk; Mz;L Kjy; [k;kpaj;Jy; ,];yhk; fhhpajhprpahftpUe;J r%fg; gzpahw;wp te;j I.vy;.vk;. mg;Jy; m]P]{f;Fk; K];ypk; kf;fs; ahtUf;Fk; nghd;Wq;fhw; nghd;whj JizahftpUe;j ts;sy; thg;gpr;rp kiuf;fhaUf;Fk; ,t;Tiu Ng&f;fj;ijaspj;jJ. mth;fs; ,UtUk; jk; jsuh Kaw;rpahy;> 1891,y; nfhOk;G K];ypk; fy;tpr; rq;fj;ij epWtpdh;. 1892Mk; Mz;L Mf];l; khjk; 22k; Njjpad;W> rq;fk; fl;bKbj;j ghlrhiyapd; jpwg;Gtpoh eilngw;wJ. my; kj;u]j;Jy; ]hfpwh vdg; ngah; #l;lg;ngw;w mg;ghlrhiyia mwgpgh\h jpwe;J itj;jhh;. my; kj;u]j;Jy; ]hfpwh ]h`pwhf; fy;Y}hpahf tsh;e;J> K];ypk; gz;ghl;Lf;Nfw;w tifapy; K];ypk; rpwhUf;Fg; GJKiwf; fy;tp toq;fj; njhlq;fpw;W.
rpj;jp nyt;it mth;fs; ]h`pwhtpd; tsh;r;rpapYk; fy;tpr; NritapYk; jhd; fz;l fdT edthtij czh;e;jhh;. K];ypk; Nerd; %yk; elj;jpa mwptpaf;fj;jpd; fdpahf mike;jJ> ]h`pwhtpd; tsh;r;rp. K];ypk; fy;tp Kd;Ndw;wj;ijNa Kf;fpa Fwpf;Nfhshff; nfhz;L Mwhz;Lfshf ,iltplhJ elj;jpa ~~K];ypk; Nerdpy;|| jk; kf;fspd; mwpTzh;Tf;F toptFf;Fk; tifapy; K];ypk;fs; rk;ge;jg;gl;l rh;t Njrpag; gpur;rpidfs; gw;wpAk; ,yq;if K];ypk;fis vjph;Nehf;fp epd;w murpay;> r%f> nghUshjhug; gpur;rpidfs; gw;wpAk; vOjp K];ypk;fis topelj;jpdhh;.
mfpy ,];yhkpa cyff; $l;biz Mh;tj;ij tsh;f;f Kad;W> K];ypk; kf;fsJ mq;fPfhuj;Jld; jd;idf; fyPghthfg; gpufldQ; nra;J> JUf;fpia Mz;l ,uz;lhk; mg;Jy;`kPJ Ry;jhd; mth;fs; gw;wpAk;> Nrh; nra;aj; m`;kj;fhd; mth;fspd; jiyikapy; tsh;e;j mypfhh; ,af;fk; gw;wpAk;> Rjhd;> kp];h;> k/wpg;-tl Mgphpf;fh-Mfpa ,lq;fspy; ele;j Rje;jpug; Nghuhl;lq;fs; gw;wpAk; `p[h]; ehl;by; gutpapUe;j t`;`hgp ,af;fk; gw;wpAk; vOjpr; rh;tNjr muq;fpy; eilngw;wtw;iwj; jkJ thrfh;fl;Fj; njhptpj;jhh;.
Kd;Ndw;wg; Nghuhl;lk;
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